Cannabis sativa.  火 麻 仁 Huǒ má rén   Cannabis seed, Hemp    Family: Moraceae    
Hemp (from Old English hænep) is a commonly used term for high-growing varieties of the Cannabis plant and its products, which include fiber, oil, and seed. Hemp is refined into products such as hemp seed foods, hemp oil, wax, resin, rope, cloth, pulp, paper, and fuel.
PART USED: Seeds- harvested after the fruit has ripened. Huo ma ren purchased from herb shops imported from China to Australia is heat treated and will not grow... no, not even one. This means that the seeds cannot be considered to be a controlled substance.
Nature: Neutral, slightly cooling    FLAVOR: Sweet, pleasant   CHANNEL: Spleen, Stomach, Large Intestine
FUNCTIONS
GROUP: Descending- Lubricating Laxatives
1. Moistens and lubricates the intestines.[5] Moisturises Fire.[1] Softens and loosens stools.  Laxative.[1] Promote bowel movements. Mild laxative for chronic constipation.[4]
2. Nourish Yin,[5] and restore vital energy.
3. Clears Heat and promotes healing of sores.[5]
ACTIONS
INDICATIONS
1. Constipation due to overly Hot intestines.[1]  Constipation due to impairment of Yin by pathogenic Heat or constitution of Fire exuberance, or constipation associated with hemorrhoids, and habitual constipation. Distention of abdominal area caused by Dry Heat.[4]
2. Constipation due to Qi deficiency.[4] Constipation in the elderly, in the aftermath of a febrile disease, post partum, and in cases of Blood deficiency.[5] Constipation due to Yin deficiency in the aged and weak patients.[5]
3. Sores and ulcerations; as an auxillary herb, taken orally or applied topically.[5] Purpura.
PATENT COMBINATIONS
COMBINATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Should not be given more than 3 or 4 times per month for chronic constipation or nocturnal emissions can result. Overdosage or long term use may result in vaginal discharge or spermatorrhea.[5]
PREPARATIONS: Decoction. Seeds 9-20 g (crushed before decocting).[1,3,4] Dried ripe seed 9-15 g, must be ground in a mortar and pestle before use.[2,5] Boil- after it becomes sticky add brown sugar, which supports Qi.[4]
Up to, but not more than 45 g when used as the principal erb in a prescription.[5]. An overdose will cause symptoms of diarrhea, nausea, fainting and vomiting.[4]
    
ORIGIN: China and India
HABITAT: Cultivated in gardens.
DESCRIPTION: Annual herb. Stem; height 1 to 3 m, multiple branches, surface longitudinally grooved, densely pubescent. Leaves; alternate, palmate, compound, leaflets 5 to 11, lanceolate, apexes acuminate, margins coarsely dentate, bracts linear or lanceolate. Flowers; in summer, axillary or terminal yellowish-green. Achene; flat-ovate.
References
Inner Path can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Constituents.
Research.
Cannabinoid derivative has been used as an antiemetic in cancer chemotherapy.[1]
The cateleptic, hypotensive and analgetic effects have been confirmed in animals.[2,3,4] Biochemical work has shown the basis for the analgesic and antiinflammatory activity to be the interaction of some of the constituents with the enzymes involved in the inflammatory process, the constituents with the enzymes involved in the inflammatory process, particularly cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and phopholipase A2.[5,6,7,8]
Although THC is the major psychoactive agent, it is not as potent in some of its other effects, such as antiinflammatory activity, as for example the cannabinoids; cannabigerol and cannabidiol, and the non-cannabinoids olivetol and some the the flavonoids.[9]
Flavocannabiside and flavosativaside are lens aldose reductase inhibitors which may help to explain some the the effects of the eye.[10]
References
[1] Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations  R.C. Wren Revised by Elizabeth M. Williamson and Fred J Evans. First published in Great Britain in 1988 and reprinted in 1989 and 1994 by the C. W. Daniel Company Limited. 1 Church Path, Saffron Walden Essex. Published 1988 Printed and bound by Biddles, Guildford ISBN 085207 1973.
[2] Gill, E. W. et al. (1970) Nature 228, 135
[3] Bursterin, S. and Ozman, K. (1982) Biochem. Pharmacol, 34, 2019
[4] Fairbain, J. W. and Pickens, J. T. (1981) Br. J. Pharmacol. 72, 401
[5] "Marihuana", G. C. Nahas, Pub. Springer-Verlag (1976)
[6] Evans, A. T. et al. (1985) J. Pharm. Pharmacol.
[7] Evans, A. T. et al. (1987) FEBS 211, 119
[8] Evans, A. T. et al. (1987) Biochem. Pharmacol. 36. 2035
[9] Formukong, E. et al. (1986) J. Pharm. Pharmacol.
[10] Segelman, A. et al. (1977) J. Pharm. Sci. 66, 1358

The effects of Cannabis sativa L. seed (hempseed) in the ovariectomized rat model of menopause.
Saberivand A1, Karimi I, Becker LA, Moghaddam A, Azizi-Mahmoodjigh S, Yousefi M, Zavareh S.
Author information
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. has been used for the treatment of various gynecological diseases in traditional medicine. The potential of this plant to protect against complications of menopause has been raised but rarely studied. Twenty female rats were divided into five groups: sham-operated (sham), ovariectomized (OVX) and three other ovariectomized groups: HST1%, HST2% and HST10% which received 1%, 2% and 10% hempseed, respectively, in their diet for 3 weeks. The effects of hempseed on plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles, estradiol and calcium levels were evaluated. Rats were tested for behavioral changes using the forced swimming test. The results showed that ovariectomy, independent of the type of diet, caused elevation of plasma calcium, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels, while hempseed modified this effect. Plasma estradiol levels were significantly lower in the OVX group compared to other groups. The swimming times for the OVX and sham groups were significantly shorter than that of the HSD10% group. All hempseed-treated groups were less anxious and showed significant declines in fecal boli compared to the sham group. The exploratory diving percent decreased in the HST10% group compared with other groups. These results suggest that hempseed may improve post-ovariectomy complications in rats.
PMID: 21069097 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2010.32.7.1487085 Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Sep;32(7):467-73. doi: 10.1358/mf.2010.32.7.1487085. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Preventive and treatment effects of a hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) meal protein hydrolysate against high blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Girgih AT, Alashi A, He R, Malomo S, Aluko RE.
Abstract
PURPOSE:
This work determined the ability of hemp seed meal protein hydrolysate (HMH)-containing diets to attenuate elevated blood pressure (hypertension) development in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Effects of diets on plasma levels of renin and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) in the SHRs were also determined.
METHODS:
Defatted hemp seed protein meal was hydrolyzed using simulated gastrointestinal tract digestion with pepsin followed by pancreatin, and the resulting HMH used as a source of antihypertensive peptides. The HMH was substituted for casein at 0.5 and 1.0% levels and fed to young growing rats for 8 weeks (preventive phase) or adult rats for 4 weeks (treatment phase).
RESULTS:
Feeding of young growing SHRs with HMH resulted in attenuation of the normal increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) with an average value of ~120 mmHg when compared to the casein-only group of rats (control) with a maximum of 158 mm Hg (p < 0.05). Feeding adult rats (SBP ~145 mmHg) with same diets during a 4-week period led to significant (p < 0.05) reduction in SBP to ~119 mmHg in comparison with 150 mmHg for the control rats. Plasma ACE activity was significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed (0.047-0.059 U/mL) in HMH-fed rats when compared to control rats (0.123 U/mL). Plasma renin level was also decreased for HMH-fed rats (0.040-0.054 μg/mL) when compared to control rats that were fed only with casein (0.151 μg/mL).
CONCLUSIONS:
The results suggest that HMH with strong hypotensive effects in SHRs could be used as a therapeutic agent for both the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
PMID: 24292743 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0625-4  Eur J Nutr. 2014 Aug;53(5):1237-46. doi: 10.1007/s00394-013-0625-4. Epub 2013 Nov 29. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Cannabis sativa (Hemp) Seeds, Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, and Potential Overdose.
Yang Y, Lewis MM, Bello AM, Wasilewski E, Clarke HA, Kotra LP.
Abstract
Introduction:Cannabis sativa (hemp) seeds are popular for their high nutrient content, and strict regulations are in place to limit the amount of potentially harmful phytocannabinoids, especially Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). In Canada, this limit is 10 μg of Δ9-THC per gram of hemp seeds (10 ppm), and other jurisdictions in the world follow similar guidelines. Materials and Methods: We investigated three different brands of consumer-grade hemp seeds using four different procedures to extract phytocannabinoids, and quantified total Δ9-THC and cannabidiol (CBD). Discussion: We discovered that Δ9-THC concentrations in these hemp seeds could be as high as 1250% of the legal limit, and the amount of phytocannabinoids depended on the extraction procedure employed, Soxhlet extraction being the most efficient across all three brands of seeds. Δ9-THC and CBD exhibited significant variations in their estimated concentrations even from the same brand, reflecting the inhomogeneous nature of seeds and variability due to the extraction method, but almost in all cases, Δ9-THC concentrations were higher than the legal limit. These quantities of total Δ9-THC may reach as high as 3.8 mg per gram of hemp seeds, if one were consuming a 30-g daily recommended amount of hemp seeds, and is a cause for concern for potential toxicity. It is not clear if these high quantities of Δ9-THC are due to contamination of the seeds, or any other reason. Conclusion: Careful consideration of the extraction method is very important for the measurement of cannabinoids in hemp seeds.
PMID: 29098190 PMCID: PMC5665515 DOI: 10.1089/can.2017.0040 Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2017 Oct 1;2(1):274-281. doi: 10.1089/can.2017.0040. eCollection 2017. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov