Rutagraveolens Garden rue,
Herby grass Family:
Rutaceae
Goat's rue is Galega officinalis. PART USED: Aerial
parts. TASTE: Pungent ODOR: Strong and
characteristic. ACTIONS
1. Spasmolytic.[1] Antispasmodic.[2]
2. Emmenagogue.[1,2] Usually used as
a uterine stimulant.[2]
3. Antitussive.[1]
4. Stimulant.[2] INDICATIONS
1. Amenorrhea- atonic.[1] CONTRAINDICATIONS: Pregnant women.[2] COMBINATIONS
- Suppressed menses, use with False unicorn
root and Life root plant. PREPARATIONS:
3X /day
Powdered herb 0.5-1g or by infusion.[1]
1-2 g.[2]
Liquid extract 1:1 in 25% alcohol 0.5-1 ml.[1]
2-4 ml.[2] ORIGIN: Southern Europe, cultivated in Britain. HABITAT: Wild or cultivated, in apen sunny
position. DESCRIPTION
Perennial herb 1 m in height. Whole plant is glandular and has a distinctive
odor. Stem; erect, cylindrical branched. Leaves; alternate, blue-green in color,
3-lobed covered with oily glands. Root; woody, fasiculate. Flowers; green-yellow,
petals concave and incurved at the tip, flowers are united in an apical corymb,
they have a 4-5 sepalled calyx and a 5-petalled corolla. Fruit; globose capsule
5-7 mm in diameter, containing black, kidney shaped seeds.
[1] British Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1983 Published by the British Herbal Medicine
Association ISBN 0 903032 07 4.
[2] Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations R.C. Wren
Revised by Elizabeth M. Williamson and Fred J Evans. First published in Great
Britain in 1988 and reprinted in 1989 and 1994 by the C. W. Daniel Company Limited.
1 Church Path, Saffron Images
1. commons.wikimedia.org
by Daderot Public Domain
Inner Path can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the
use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally. Constituents
Volatile oil 0.1[1]-1% containing
2-undecanone 50-90%. Also 2-haptanol, 2-nonanol, limonene, pinene, anisic
acid, phenol guiacol.
Rutin,[1] and other flavonoids,[2]
such as quercetin.[1,2,5]
Coumarins; bergapten, daphnoretin, isoimperatorin, naphthoherniarin, psoralen,
pangelin, rutamarin, rutarin, scopoletin, umbelliferone.[5,6,7]
Alkaloids; arborinine, g-fagarine, graveoline, graveolinine,
kokusaginine, rutacridine, 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-methyacridone.[8,9,10] Root: Lignins; savinin, helioxanthin.[11]
Rutin.[1] Sugars.[1] References [1] British Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1983 Published by the British
Herbal Medicine Association ISBN 0 903032 07 4.
[2] Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, Vol.1, 2nd Ed. Pub. CRC Press
(1975)
[3] Opdyke, D.L.J. (1975) Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13, Suppl. 713
[4] Ubebaba, K. et al. (1984) Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 36 (Suppl.), 352
[5] Plant Drug Analysis, Ed. H. Wagner et al. Pub. Springer-Verlag
(1984)
[6] Varga, E. et al. (1976) Fitoterapia 47, 107
[7] Rozsa, Z. et al. (1980) Planta Med. 39, 218
[8] Novak, I. et al. (1967) Planta Med. 15, 132
[9] Reisch, J. et al. (1976) Phytochem. 15, 240
[10] Grundon, M. F. in "The Alkaloids Vol. 11", Pub. Royal Soc. Chem.
(1981)
[11] Reisch, J. et al. (1967) Pharmazie 22, 220 and (1970) 25, 435
Research
The essential oil is anthelmintic. The furocoumarins can cause phototoxicity;
this property is utilized in the treatment of psoriasis by psoralen derivatives.[1,2]
Rutin hasbeen investigated for its ability to reduce capillary fragility and is
often taken as food supplement- the "Vitamin P". Its other propertes
include anti-edema effects,[3] and it
may be responsible for the antiinflammatory effect of the herb observed in animal
tests.[4] It has also been shown to
inhibit tumour formation on mouse skin induced by benzo(a)pyrene.[5]
Also increase survival times of rats fed a thrombogenic diet.[6] References
[1] Martindale. The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 27th Ed. Pub. The Pharmaceutical Press
(1977) UK
[2] Opdyke, D.L.J. (1975) Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13, Suppl.713
[3] Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients used in Food Drugs and Cosmetics,
Albert Y. Leung. Pub. John Wiley & Sons Inc. (1980) NY
[4] Mascolo, N. et al. (1987) Phytother. Res. 1 (1), 28
[5] Van Duuren, B.L. et al. (1971) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 46, 1039
[6] Robbins, R.C. (1967) J. Atheroscer. Res. 7,3
Ruta graveolens extract induces DNA damage pathways and blocks Akt activation
to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival. Fadlalla K, Watson A, Yehualaeshet T, Turner T, Samuel T. Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Ruta graveolens is a medicinal herb that has been used for centuries against various
ailments. This study examined the anticancer properties of the herb using cancer
cell lines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Methanolic extract of R. graveolens was tested on colon, breast and prostate cancer
cells. Viability, cell cycle profiles, clonogenicity and capase activation were
measured. Induction and subcellular localizations of p53, 53BP1 and ?-H2AX proteins
were examined.
RESULTS:
The extract dose-dependently decreased the viability and the clonogenicity of
treated cells and induced G2/M arrest, aberrant mitoses, and caspase-3 activation.
It also induced the p53 pathway and focal concentration of the DNA damage response
proteins 53BP1 and ?-H2AX. Moreover, the levels of phospho-Akt and cyclin B1 were
reduced by treatment, whereas only cyclin B1 was reduced in normal dermal fibroblasts.
CONCLUSION:
R. graveolens extract contains bioactive compounds which, independently of known
photoactivatable mechanisms, potently inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival
through multiple targets.
PMID: 21273604 PMCID: PMC3124362 Anticancer Res. 2011 Jan;31(1):233-41.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Anti-tumour activity of Ruta graveolens extract. Preethi KC, Kuttan G, Kuttan R. Abstract
An extract of Ruta graveolens was found to be cytotoxic to Dalton's lymphoma ascites
(DLA), Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and L929 cells in culture (IC100=16 mg/ml)
and also to increase the lifespan of tumour bearing animals. The extract further
decreased solid tumours developing from DLA and EAC cells when given simultaneously
with elongation of the lifespan of tumour-bearing animals. A homeopathic preparation
of Ruta graveolens (200 c) was equally effective. Neither was effective for reducing
already developed tumours. The Ruta graveolens extract was found to scavenge hydroxyl
radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation at low concentrations. However, at higher
concentrations the extract acted as a prooxidant as inhibition of lipid peroxidation
and scavenging of hydroxyl radical was minimal. These data indicates that the
prooxidant activity of Ruta graveolens may be responsible for the cytocidal action
of the extract and its ability to produce tumour reduction.
PMID: 17059340 Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2006 Jul-Sep;7(3):439-43. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Garden rue inhibits the arachidonic acid pathway, scavenges free radicals,
and elevates FRAP: role in inflammation
Manjir Sarma Kataki, Bibhuti B Kakoti, Biman Bhuyan, Ananya Rajkumari, Prakash
Rajak Abstract
Aim: In the present study, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of
the methanol extract of Ruta graveolens leaves (RG-M) were evaluated using various
in vivo and in vitro models.
Method: For anti-inflammatory activity, RG-M was administered by the oral route
(p.o.) in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model, and by the intraperitoneal route
(i.p.) in an exudative inflammation model. In vitro inhibition of cyclooxygenase
and lipoxygenase enzymes was evaluated. In vitro antioxidant activity was also
examined. Endogenous antioxidant status was further evaluated by ferric reducing
ability of plasma model.
Results: RG-M showed maximum inhibition of carrageenan-induced edema (100 mg·kg-¹
- 33.36%; 200 mg·kg-¹ - 45.32% and 400 mg·kg-¹
- 56.28%). In the exudative inflammation model, a significant reduction in leukocyte
migration (200 mg·kg-¹ - 54.75% and 400 mg·kg-¹
- 77.97%) and protein exudation (200 mg·kg-¹ - 31.14% and
400 mg·kg-¹ - 49.91%) were observed. RG-M also exhibited
inhibition of COX-1 (IC50 182.27 µg·mL-¹) and COX-2
(IC50 190.16 µg·mL-¹) as well as 5-LOX (IC50 215.71
µg·mL-¹). Antioxidant activity was significant with
improved endogenous antioxidant status.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity
of RG-M with potent inhibitory effects on the arachidonic acid pathways.
Chin J Nat Med 2014 Mar;12(3):172-9. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(14)60029-7. PMID:
24702802 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5364(14)60029-7 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Ruta
graveolens Garden rue,
Herby grass Family:
Rutaceae
