Eleocharis dulcis, E. Plantaginea  马 蹄 Mǎ tí    Water chestnut     
Nature: cold, cool    FLAVOR: Sweet, sour and bitter    CHANNEL: Lung, Stomach
FUNCTIONS
1. Clear up Heat.[1] Relieves fever.[2] Purges Liver Fire.[3]
2. Transform sputum, eliminate Qi  Stagnation.[1] Benefits indigestion.[2]
3. Promotes urination.[2]
4. Resolves bruises and clots.[3]
INDICATIONS
1. Diabetes in a warm disease.[1,2] Jaundice.[1,2] Hot urinary discharge.[1,2] Red eyes.[1,2,3] Sore throat.[1,2] Tumour.[1]
2. Hypertension.[2]
3. Pain in abdomen and haunches, malnutrition due to worms, anemia, hernia and gassy stomach, inflamed swellings, amenorrhea.[3]
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Bad for Deficient conditions and Cold constitution, Blood Empty.[1]
PREPARATIONS:  Boil or crush for external application.[1] Decoction 4-9 g.[1]

- Relieve hypertension- Boil 5 water chestnuts in water with 1 fresh mandarin orange peel. Drink as tea, 3 times a day.[2]
- Cure sore throat, hemorrhoids, and mouth canker- Peel 100 g water chestnuts and chew them slowlin in the morning and evening, or drink water chestnut juice.[2]
- Cure diarrhea with discharge of whitish or reddish substances- Prepare 500 g water chestnuts; wash in water and dry thoroughly; put them in half a bottle of rice wine; seal it and set aside for a few days. Slowly chew 2 water chestnuts each time and wash down with the rice wine in the bottle, twice a day.[2]
- Relieve hemorrhoid bleeding- Warm a glass of water chestnut juice and mix with 2 teaspoons rice wine and drink it.[2]

References
Inner Path can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally
Constituents.
Research.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Water Chestnut Extract on Cytokine Responses via Nuclear Factor-κB-signaling Pathway
Bora Kim, Jin Eun Kim, Byung-Kook Choi, and Hyun-Soo Kim,
Abstract
Water chestnut (Trapa japonica Flerov.) is an annual aquatic plant. In the present study, we showed that the treatment of water chestnut extracted with boiling water resulted in a significant increase 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and decrease the intracellular H2O2-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, water chestnut extract (WCE) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production and suppressed mRNA and protein expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. The cytokine array results showed that WCE inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretion. Also, WCE reduced tumor necrosis factor-α-and interleukin-6-induced nuclear factor-αB activity. Furthermore, during sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-induced irritation of human skin, WCE reduced SLS-induced skin erythema and improved barrier regeneration. These results indicate that WCE may be a promising topical anti-inflammatory agent. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2015 Jan; 23(1): 90–97. Published online 2015 Jan 1. doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.080 PMCID: PMC4286755 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Eleocharis dulcis corm: phytochemicals, health benefits, processing and food products
Yang Zhang , Hai Xu, Zhenbiao Hu, Guihong Yang, Xiaojin Yu, Qianfeng Chen, Lixue Zheng, Zhaowei Yan
Abstract
Eleocharis dulcis, an aquatic plant belonging to Cyperaceae family, is indigenous to Asia, and also occurs in tropical Africa and Australia. The edible corm part of E. dulcis is a commonly consumed aquatic vegetable with a planting area of 44.46 × 103 hm2 in China. This work aims to explore the potential of E. dulcis corm for use as a new food source for sufficient nutrients and health benefits by reviewing its nutrients, phytochemicals, functions, processing and food products. Eleocharis dulcis corm contains starches, dietary fibers, non-starch polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, phenolics, sterols, puchiin, saponins, minerals and vitamins. Among them, phenolics including flavonoids and quinones could be the major bioconstituents that largely contribute to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and hypolipidemic functions. Peel wastes of E. dulcis corm tend to be enriched in phenolics to a much higher extent than the edible pulp. Fresh-cut E. dulcis corm can be consumed as a ready-to-eat food or processed into juice for beverage production, and anti-browning processing is a key to prolonging shelf life. Present food products of E. dulcis corm are centered on various fruit and vegetable beverages, and suffer from single categories and inadequate development. In brief, underutilized E. dulcis corm possesses great potential for use as a new food source for sufficient nutrients and health benefits.
J Sci Food Agric 2022 Jan 15;102(1):19-40. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.11508. Epub 2021 Sep 12. PMID: 34453323 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Antitumor, Antioxidant, and Nitrite Scavenging Effects of Chinese Water Chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) Peel Flavonoids
Ge Zhan, Leiqing Pan, Kang Tu, Shunshan Jiao
Abstract
The preparation, quantification, and characterization of flavonoid compounds from Chinese water chestnut peel (CWCP) flavonoid extract and ethyl acetate fraction (EF), n-butanol fraction, and water fraction were studied. Among these, EF showed the maximum free radical levels (IC50 values of 0.36, 0.40, and 0.37 mg/mL for DPPH•, ABTS•+ , and •OH, respectively), nitrite scavenging effects (IC50 = 1.89 mg/mL), and A549 cell inhibitory activities (IC50 = 776.12 μg/mL) with the highest value of total flavonoid content (TFC, 421.32 mg/g). Moreover, the contents of 8 flavonoids in this fraction were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography, and fisetin, diosmetin, luteolin, and tectorigenin were the 4 major flavonoids with levels of 31.66, 29.91, 13.69, and 12.41 mg/g, respectively. Luteolin produced a greater inhibition of human lung cancer A549 cells (IC50 = 59.60 μg/mL) than did fisetin, diosmetin, and tectorigenin. Flow cytometry revealed that the cellular mechanisms of luteolin inhibition of A549 cells were achieved via the induction of cell proliferation arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis/necrosis. Our findings suggest that flavonoids are closely associated with antitumor, antioxidant, and nitrite scavenging effects of CWCP.
J Food Sci 2016 Oct;81(10):H2578-H2586. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.13434. Epub 2016 Sep 7. PMID: 27603811 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov