Dalbergia odorifera.  降 香  Jiàng xiāng,  Huang hua li-"Yellow rosewood"   Fragrant Rosewood, Family: Leguminosae    
PART USED: Dry wood
Nature: Warm   FLAVOR: Pungent, acrid  CHANNELS: Liver, Spleen, Stomach
FUNCTIONS
GROUP: Regulate the Blood: Invigorate the Blood
1. Promote flow of energy. Relieve pain, activate blood, arrest bleeding.[1] Disperses Blood Stasis and stops bleeding.[2] Invigorates the Blood, promotes the movement of Qi and alleviates pain.[2]
2. Harmonizes the middle Heater and relieves nausea.[2]
INDICATIONS
1. Congested chest, chest pain, pricking pain in ribs.[1] Internal injuries due to trauma, fractures, sprains or contusions.[2] Epigastric and abdominal pain due to stagnant Qi in the Spleen and Stomach.[2] Chest pain due to Blood stasis.[2]
2. Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain due to Dampness accumulation.[2]
3. External applications for bleeding.[1]
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Blood stasis.[2] Blood Heat.[2] Yin deficiency with excess Fire.[2]
PREPARATIONS: Dry wood and root 9-15 g.[1] Powder: 1-3 g.[2] Swallowed directly: 1-2 g.[2] Topically alone or with other herbs to stop bleeding from lacerations.[2]
         

References
Inner Path can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Research

Physicochemical Properties, Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen Seed Oil
Zheng Lianhe Huang Xing Wang Li Chen Zhengxing
Abstract
The heartwood or root of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen is an important traditional medicine in Asia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen seed oil. Oil, protein, carbohydrate, moisture, ash and total phenolic contents were found to be 12.96, 26.86, 42.58, 13.70, 3.90 and 5.55%, respectively. Free fatty acids, iodine number, peroxide value, saponification number and unsaponifiable matter were 1.66%, 106.53 g/100 g, 5.07 meq O2/Kg, 196.78 mg KOH/g and 1.70%, respectively. The oil showed high absorbance in the UV‐B and UV‐C ranges with potential for use as a broad spectrum UV protectant. The major fatty acids were linoleic acid (60.03%), oleic acid (17.48%) and palmitic acid (16.72%). The total tocopherol, total phenolics and β‐carotene were 511.9, 351.1 and 62.2 mg/kg oil, respectively. In addition, the methanol extract of seed oil showed significant in vitro antioxidant activity in four assays including DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition and chelating activity. This study suggests that Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen seed oil has the potential to be used in new products in the functional food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries.
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society First published: 07 January 2012 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1967-9 onlinelibrary.wiley.com

.Chemical constituents of Dalbergia odorifera. [Article in Chinese]
Wang H, Mei WL, Guo ZK, Xia ZF, Zhong HM, Dai HF.
Abstract
Fourteen compounds were isolated from Dalbergia odoriferae and purified by repeated column chromatography on silica and sephadex LH-20 gel and structurally identified by spectral analysis. These compounds were identified as 4, 9-dimethoxy-3-hydroxypterocarpan (1), medicarpin (2), 2', 4', 5-trihydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone (3), 2', 3', 7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavan (4), formononetin (5), 3, 8-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan (6), koparin (7), 3-hydroxy-9-methoxypterocarp-6a-ene (8), 2'-hydroxyformononetin (9), stevenin (10), 2', 7-dihydroxy-4', 5'-dimethoxyisoflavone (11), lyoniresinol (12), 2, 4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-benzophenone (13) and neokhriol A (14). Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 14 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Antibacterial activity assay showed that compound 4 had inhibitory effect on Ralstonia solanacearum.
PMID: 25095373 Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2014 May;39(9):1625-9 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Flavonoids from the heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera and their protective effect on glutamate-induced oxidative injury in HT22 cells.
An RB, Jeong GS, Kim YC.
Abstract
Two flavonoids, 4,2',5'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone (1) and (2S)-6,7,4'-trihydroxyflavan (2), along with fourteen known flavonoids and two other known arylbenzofurans were isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera. The structure of compounds 1 and 2 were established by spectroscopic (NMR and MS) analyses. Of the isolates, eight compounds (1, 4, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17) were found to have potent protective effect on glutamate-induced oxidative injury in HT22 cells.
PMID: 19043246 Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2008 Dec;56(12):1722-4. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis from Dalbergia odorifera.
Goda Y, Kiuchi F, Shibuya M, Sankawa U.
Abstract
The root heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen (Leguminosae) is a Chinese medicinal drug (Japanese name koshinko) used for a stagnant blood syndrome (stagnation of disordered blood; Japanese, oketsu). In addition to 10 known compounds, five new phenolic compounds, isomucronustyrene and hydroxyobtustyrene (cinnamylphenols), (+)-isoduartin (isoflavan), odoriflavene (isoflav-3-ene) and (-)-odoricarpan (pterocarpan) were isolated and their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods. Of the fifteen compounds isolated, cinnamylphenols, isoflavans, isoflavene and benzoic acid derivative significantly inhibited prostaglandin biosynthesis as well as platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid.
PMID: 1446367 Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1992 Sep;40(9):2452-7. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Anti-inflammation of flavonoid compounds from Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen in lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. [Article in Chinese]
Wang J1, Jiang W, Wang Y.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To screen, isolate and identify the compounds with anti-inflammatory activity from Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen.
METHODS:
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to stimulate RAW264.7 macrophages, and this model was further used to screen and separate active compounds from Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen, followed by compound chemical structure identification using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Griess assay was performed to measure the released nitric oxide (NO), and ELISA was applied to detect TNF-α content.
RESULTS:
Compound I (sativanone) showed strong anti-inflammatory activity (IC50;=12.48 g/mL). Isoliquiritigenin (compound III), naringenin (compound IV) and liquiritigenin (compound V) had moderate anti-inflammatory activity, with IC50; value at 18.33, 42.59, 29.43 g/mL, respectively. Compound II and compound VI had no anti-inflammatory activity with concentration at 50 g/mL. Sativanone, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin and naringenin at their concentrations ranging from 3.125-50 g/mL, could inhibit NO release in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. Sativanone (compound I) could also inhibit TNF-α secretion from LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
CONCLUSION:
Liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, naringenin and sativanone isolated from Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen, could reduce NO release from LPS-stimulated macrophage cell line (RAW264.7), at a dose-dependent manner. What's more, sativanone play an anti-inflammatory role also through inhibiting inflammatory cytokine TNF-α.
PMID: 23837974 Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2013 Jul;29(7):681-4. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov