[1] British Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1983
Published by the British Herbal Medicine Association ISBN 0 903032 07 4.
[2] Herbal Materia Medica Course Notes For Diploma of Naturopathy and Diploma
of Herbalism Students by Lydia Mottram.
[3]
Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations
R.C. Wren Revised by Elizabeth M. Williamson and Fred J Evans. First published
in Great Britain in 1988 and reprinted in 1989 and 1994 by the C. W. Daniel
Company Limited. 1 Church Path, Saffron Walden Essex. Published 1988 Printed
and bound by Biddles, Guildford ISBN 085207 1973.
Images
1.
wikiwand.com Attribution-ShareAlike
3.0 Unported
2.
en.wikipedia.org
by H. Zell CC BY-SA 3.0
3.
wikiwand.com Attribution-ShareAlike
3.0 Unported
At least 6.5% alkaloids, of which not less
than 30% and not more than 60% are of the quinine type,
[1]
consisting mainly of quinine
[1,4,5,6]
and quinidine,
[1,4,5,6] cinchonine
[1,4,5,6]
and cinchonidine.
[1,4,5,6] A bitter
glucoside- quinovin.
[6] Tannins, inlcuding
the phlobatannin cinchotannic acid, quinic acid, resin, wax.
[4]
Cinchona officinalis is one of several Cinchona species used for the production
of quinine, which is an anti-fever agent. It is especially useful in the prevention
and treatment of malaria. Other alkaloids that are extracted from this tree
include cinchonine, cinchonidine and quinidine.
[3]
Quinine is the most potent of the alkaloids as an antimaliarial; is beocing
important again in the treatment of those types of malaria which are resistant
to the newer synthetic drugs. Both quinine and particularly quinidine act as
cardiac depressants, quinidine is used clinically for this purpose. Quinine
salts are used in the prevention of leg craps and are an ingredient of many
analgesic and cold and flu remedies. Chronic over dosage can redsult in the
condition known as cinchonism, which is characterized by headache, abdominal
pain, rashes and visual disturbances. Cinchonas and quinine should not be taken
in large doses during pregnancy except in malarial patients.
[7]
References
[1] British Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1983 Published by the British Herbal Medicine
Association ISBN 0 903032 07 4.
[2] Herbal Materia Medica Course Notes For Diploma of Naturopathy and Diploma
of Herbalism Students by Lydia Mottram.
[3]
en.wikipedia.org
[4]
Pharmacognosy, 12th Ed. Trease, G. E. and Evans, W. C. Pub. Bailliere
Tindall (1983) UK
[5] Martindale. The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 27th Ed. Pub. The Pharmaceutical Press
(1977) UK
[6] Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients used in Food Drugs and Cosmetics,
Albert Y. Leung. Pub. John Wiley & Sons Inc. (1980) NY
[7]
Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations
R.C. Wren Revised by Elizabeth M. Williamson and Fred J Evans. First published
in Great Britain in 1988 and reprinted in 1989 and 1994 by the C. W. Daniel
Company Limited. 1 Church Path, Saffron Walden Essex. Published 1988 Printed
and bound by Biddles, Guildford ISBN 085207 1973.