Saccharum officinarum, S sinense  甘 蔗 Gān zhè   Sugarcane   
Approximately 70% of the sugar produced globally comes from S. officinarum and hybrids using this species.
Main varieties are: Saccharum robustum, S. officinarum, S. spontaneum, S. sinense.
S. robustum is generally regarded as the original species. S. spontaneum is a variety of cane with high resilience to diseases but unable to produce sugar and S. sinense a Chinese variety. Sugar production from cane began with cultivar S. officinarum.

甘 蔗 茎 Gānzhè jīng   Stem           
Nature- cold   FLAVOR: Sweet   CHANNEL: Lung, Stomach
FUNCTIONS
1. Invigorate the Spleen and Clear Heat.[1,3]
2. Promotes secretion of saliva. Produce fluids.[1,6] Lubricates dryness.[6]
3. Benefits the urine. Promotes urination.[6]
4. Reduces the after effects of alcohol.
5. Chase Qi downwards.[1] Pushes downwards.[6]
INDICATIONS
1. Vomiting.[6] Heat stroke with excessive thirst - Chew an appropriate amount of cane each day at frequent intervals.[3]
2. Dry cough, constipation.[6]
3. Alcoholism.[6]
PREPARATIONS
- Fever, difficult urination and thirst- Drink sugar cane juice.[6]
- Vomiting- Mix half a glasss sugar cane juice with 3 teaspoonfuls fresh ginger juice and drink.[6]
- Light edema during pregnancy.[6]
甘 蔗 汁 Gānzhè zhī  Sugarcane Juice      
Nature- cold   FLAVOR: Sweet    CHANNEL: Lung, Stomach
INDICATIONS
1. Dehydration due to hot diseases, mental depression, thirst, upset Stomach with vomiting, dry coughs, constipation with discharge of dry stools.[1]
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Cold and Weak Spleen/Stomach.[1]
红 糖 蔗 糖 Hóngtáng zhètáng  Brown Sugar of Sugarcane     
Brown sugar is a sucrose sugar product obtained from the juice of sugar cane, with a distinctive brown color due to the presence of molasses. It is either an unrefined or partially refined soft sugar consisting of sugar crystals with some residual molasses content, (natural brown sugar) or it is produced by the addition of molasses to refined white sugar (commercial brown sugar).[5]
Commercial brown sugar is often produced by adding sugarcane molasses to completely refined white sugar crystals to more carefully control the ratio of molasses to sugar crystals and to reduce manufacturing costs. Brown sugar prepared in this manner is often much coarser than its unrefined equivalent and its molasses may be easily separated from the crystals by simply washing to reveal the underlying white sugar crystals; in contrast, with unrefined brown sugar, washing will reveal underlying crystals which are off-white due to the inclusion of molasses.[5]
Nature- warm     FLAVOR: Sweet      CHANNEL: Liver, Spleen, Stomach
FUNCTIONS
1. Tone up the middle Jiao.[1] Energy tonic.[6]
2. Relax the Liver, activate the Blood, neutralize coagulations.[1] Promotes Blood circulation and eliminates blood coagulations.[6]
INDICATIONS
 1. Abdominal pain.[6] Vomiting, belching, weakness, discharge of blood on bowel movements.[1] Dysentery.[6]
2.  Suppression of lochia after childbirth.[1] Lochiastasis.[6]
3. Dry mouth.[1]
CONTRAINDICATIONS:  Presence of Damp Sputum.[1]
PREPARATIONS: Oral administration with warm water or wine.[1]
- Lochiostasis and faintness after childbirth due to excessive loss of blood- Mix brown sugar with rice wine and drink.[6]
- Dysentery- Boil brown sugar with 2 plums and drink as tea to relieve dysentery.[6]

甘 蔗 冰 糖 Gānzhè bīngtáng  Rock sugar of Sugar cane - The ice like rock crystal boiled and crystallised out of white granulated sugar       
     FLAVOR: Sweet     CHANNEL: Spleen, Lung
FUNCTIONS
1. Invigorating the middle Heater.[1,2]
2. Replenishing Qi.
3. Regulating the function of the Stomach.[1,2]
4. Moistening the Lung. Lubricate the Lung.
INDICATIONS
1. It is used to treat cough and asthma due to dryness of the Lung, Lung deficiency, Wind Cold pathogen and overwork. Cough.
2. Infantile malaria, fasting dysentery, aphthae = mouth ulcers.
3. Toothache due to pathogenic Wind Fire.
4. Sputum.
PREPARATIONS: Boil or keep in mouth.[1] To be decocted for internal use, or eaten together with rice or bread. It can be used as an ingredient of boluses or pills or soft extract.[2]
白 砂 糖 Bái shātáng   White sugar, Refined sugar       
White sugar is obtained from the juice of sugar cane, with the molasses content removed.
FLAVOR: Sweet  CHANNEL: Spleen
FUNCTIONS
1. Lubricates the Lungs, produces fluids.[6]
INDICATIONS
1. Dry cough, thirst.[6]
2. Stomachache.[6]
PREPARATIONS: Used extensively for sweetening foods and beverages
- Tight sensation in abdomen- Boil 3 spoonfuls in 1 glass rice wine over low heat and drink.[6]
- Relieve dry cough- Mix sugar with red dates and chew 2 dates after meals like chewing gum.[6]
- Stomach ache, abdominal discomfort cuased by eating fish and crabs, and and bad breath caused by eating garlic and onion- Boil sugar in water to make concentrated syrups.[6]
EXCESS: According to Chinese dietary theory, unrefined or refined cane sugar should be consumed moderately, or even avoided in the following cases: multiple dental cavities, obesity, diabetes, excess triglycerides, high cholesterol, Damp-Heat, Damp-Phlegm, chronic indigestion, distension, abdominal fullness, vomiting.[6]
References
Inner Path can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
References

Protective effect of Saccarum officinarum L. (Sugar cane) juice on isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity in male albino mice.
Khan SW, Tahir M, Lone KP, Munir B, Latif W.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Isoniazid (INH) is the drug of choice for treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and it is a well-known-cause of acute clinical liver injury which can be severe and sometimes fatal. The study was designed to investigate the effects of Saccharum officinarum L. juice on oxidative liver injury due to INH in mice.
METHODS:
This was a laboratory based experimental study. Thirty mice were divided into three groups, containing 10 mice each. Group A being the control, group B and C were experimental and were treated orally with INH 100 mg/kg per day and INH 100 mg/kg per day plus Saccharum officinarum L. juice 15 ml/ kg per day respectively for a period of 30 days. Blood samples were taken at 30th day by cardiac puncture under anaesthesia and liver in each was taken out for microscopic examination.
RESULTS:
INH treated mice showed; rise in serum ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin levels (Mean?SEM), while group C mice treated with Saccharum officinarum L. juice significantly decreased the levels of these biochemical parameters. The histopathological examination of groups A showed normal liver structure which was deranged in (INH) group B, whereas group C showed significant recovery in histological structure. Saccharum officinarum L. constituents, especially flavanoids and anthocyanins have strong antioxidant properties which provides hepatoprotection against oxidative liver injury produced by INH.
CONCLUSION:
INH-induced liver injury is associated with oxidative stress, and co-administration of Saccharum officinarum L. juice (15 ml/Kg bw) may reduce this damage effectively in mice.
PMID: 26411113  J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2015 Apr-Jun;27(2):346-50. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Antioxidant activity of phenolics compounds from sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) juice.
Maurício Duarte-Almeida J, Novoa AV, Linares AF, Lajolo FM, Inés Genovese M.
Abstract
Phenolic compounds in sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) juice were identified and quantified by analytical high performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection, showing the predominance of flavones (apigenin, luteolin and tricin derivatives), among flavonoids, and of hydroxycinnamic, caffeic and sinapic acids, among phenolic acids, representing a total content of around 160 mg/L. A tricin derivative was present in the highest proportion (>10% of the total). The phenolic extract obtained from sugar cane juice showed a protective effect against in vivo MeHgCl intoxication and potent inhibition of ex vivo lipoperoxidation of rat brain homogenates, indicating a potential use for beneficial health effects and/or therapeutic applications.
PMID: 17123161 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-006-0032-6  Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2006 Dec;61(4):187-92. Epub 2006 Nov 22. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov