Qi is used in preference to Energy since Energy in Western society Energy is often considered a purely physical phenomenon of vibration of atoms. Qi is a conscious energy that affects matter, acting as a purifier and as a crystallizing force within life.
Functions-  Moves, Warms, Transforms, protects, retains and nourishes.
Main Zang Organ- Lungs, Kidney, Spleen
Distribution- Inside and outside Jing Luo and Xue Mai

Xue is used rather than Blood, since in Western society blood implies a substance which can be tested with biochemistry and histology. Xue is a lifestream that carries nourishment to the body, which can be implicated in disharmonies within the body.
Functions- Nourishes and Moistens.
Main Zang Organs- Heat, Liver Spleen.
Distribution- In Xue Mai and Jing Luo.

Jin Ye
Functions- Moistens and nourishes.
Main Zang Organs- Kidney, Lung, Spleen.
Distribution- Throughout the body.

Jing
Main Zang Organ – Kidney
Functions- Activates transformations and controls growth, development and reproduction.
Distribution- In Eight Extra channels and in Jing Luo stored in Kidney

Shen
Shen is used in preference to Spirit, since Spirit implies after death, or religious concepts. Shen has an ever present effect on the body and has some material aspects.
Main Zang Organs- Heart.
Functions- Vitalises body and Consciousness.
Distribution- Resides in Heart.

Formation of the Substances

Qi
Energy comes from 3 sources, and is stored in the Kidney.
Ancestral- stored as XIANTIANZHI QI
Air and
Food– both acquired Qi stored as HOUTIANZHI QI.

Ancestral Qi is the inborn energy present at birth. A bad lifestyle draws from the reserve of this Qi. Once it has been used the person dies. One can live longer by carefully conserving it, though it can only be conserved and never replaced. It itself has no function in energy production and is just a store of energy.
The activated Ancestral Qi then becomes is Yuan Qi, and this energy acts as a catalyst for all energy transformations.
Acquired after birth from food and air. If too much energy is drawn from this store, it is depleted and energy is then used from Ancestral Qi.
 The production of Qi begins with food being eaten and passed down into th Stomach, where the Energy it contains is transformed into Gu Qi. All the Transformations being mentioned are carried out by Yuan Qi. The Gu Qi then passes to the Spleen and Then rises to the Lungs (with Jin Ye).
Also Energy is harvested from the air in the Lungs. It is called Da Qi.
Both Da Qi and Gu Qi combine and transform to become Zong Qi, which is an important energy in governing respiratory and pulmonary rhythm.
The Zong Qi is then transformed into Zhen Qi = upright Qi which is circulated in the Jing Luo.
Zhen Qi can be divided into 2 parts.
Ying Qi is the nourishing part, originating mostly from Gu Qi. It is very closely related to Blood nourishing the body. It resides inside the Xue Mai and Jing Luo. (Blood vessels and channels).
Wei Qi is the protective and warming part of Zhen Qi. It resides outside the vessels and channels.  It is a defensive Qi originating mainly from Da Qi.
If the body is short of energy Wei Qi will be depleted before Ying Qi.
The Bodies defence against perverse factors- Xie.
Maintaining warmth of flesh- sensitivity.
Maintaining healthy complexion.
Controlling pores.
Lusture of hair.
Mobility of joints.
At night is withdraw to the interior of the body, so the body is more vulnerable to Wind and cold at night.
Jing Qi is a reserve of energy. It is the most refined of pure type.
Some Zhen qi is transformed into acquired Jing, which is stored in the Kidney, along with the inborn Jing.
The inborn Jing is transformed into Yuan Qi.
The acquired Jing has the task of flowing through the channels. The inborn Jing is used in manufacturing ova and sperm, it is depleted after excessive sexual behavior.
Inborn Jing is exhaustible, while acquired Jing can be stored in reserve and built up for emergencies.
There are fluctuations daily in the acquired Jing in the channels, as demonstrated by the Chinese Clock.
The harmonious flow of Qi is controlled by the Heart, Liver and Lungs.
 

Jin Ye
Jin Ye is produce in the Middle Jiao.
The fluids in the Stomach are divided into clear and Turbid. The clear passes to the Spleen, and the Turbid passes into the lower Jiao- Intestines, where the clear is again filtered, and goes to the Kidney. The amount taken from the Intestines is very small compared to the Stomach.
The Jin Ye being absorbed in lower Jiao remains in Kidney, stored by the Kidney Yin, until needed. When it rises to the Lungs to be dispersed along with the main source of Jin Ye, which rises from the Spleen after transformation.
Both the Kidney and Spleen are responsible for circulating the fluids.
Urine and the waste products of digestion are not considered to by Jin Ye and the Bladder has no part in fluid or energy production.
Jin Ye can be divided into two types when circulating in the body.
Jin- is the light penetrating body fluid which circulates very much with Wei Qi. It is sometimes called the light companion of Wei Qi.
There are 5 types of Jin
Tears = Lei – also moistening of eyes (Liver).
Watery saliva = Xian – mouth water (Spleen).
Dense Saliva = Tuo- When doing vigorous exercise it appears in mouth (Kidney).
Lung Fluid- Ti -Spittle, mucous – not nasal fluid, but fluid which normally lubricates trachea, bronchii and Lungs (Lungs).
Sweat = Han – Coping with Heat. If body gets too hot Heart suffers.

Ye – is thicker and heavier, occupies the synovial joints, brain vertebral column and body orifices, lubricating the joints and toning the brain.

Xue = Blood
Xue is produced by the combination of three elements in the Middle Jiao.
Ying Qi- The nourishing part of Zhen Qi
Jin Ye – Body fluids made in the Middle Jiao.
Jing – Activated energy stored in the Kidney. Inborn Jing plays a part. Not certain how much acquired Jing contributes.
Xue is really both the energy and the liquid blood, because Chinese distinguish between the two very little.
The Heart, Liver and Lung help circulate Xue with the spleen preventing extravasation of the Mai.
Inborn Jing is the pattern on which Xue is made. One aspect of Jing is that is determines chromosomal DNA pattern. There is a close association between the circulation of Xue and Qi. Where the Blood goes the Qi follows, the qi is also said to lead the Blood.
If not enough Qi to lead the Blood get extravasation, and stagnation.

Ross, Jeremy Zang Fu. The Organ Systems of Traditional Chinese Medicine Second Edition, Churchill Livingstone 1985